Critical Minerals, Geo-Economics, and Strategic Balancing
Pakistan–U.S. Engagement Through the Lens of the National Security Policy (NSP-2022) AbstractPakistan’s emerging cooperation with U.S. entities on critical minerals—particularly rare-earth elements (REEs), copper, and gold—has sparked regional debate and raised questions about sovereignty, geo-economic balancing, and long-term national security. Using the framework articulated in Pakistan’s National Security Policy (NSP-2022), this article evaluates whether such…
