War as an Economic Earthquake The U.S.–Iran war has not only redrawn military maps but also shaken the foundations of global commerce. Unlike conventional conflicts confined to battlefields, this war has spilled into the arteries of trade, choking supply chains, inflating costs, and destabilizing economies far beyond the Middle East. For Pakistan and other import…
The Strait Now Commanding Global Attention Abstract Global trade depends on a handful of narrow maritime chokepoints. This article explores the ten most critical straits, tracing their history, vulnerabilities, and the economic shocks that follow when they are disrupted. From Hormuz to Gibraltar, these waterways are not just geographic features — they are the levers…
Introduction The eruption of war between the United States and Iran in 2026 has sent shockwaves across the Middle East and beyond. Triggered by escalating tensions, military strikes, and retaliatory attacks, the conflict has destabilized one of the world’s most strategically important regions. For Pakistan, a country deeply tied to the Gulf through trade, energy…
