A Comparative Analysis of Herman Kahn and Rebecca Hersman’s Frameworks of Nuclear Escalation Introduction The development of nuclear strategy is a product of a long-term shift in the ways in which policymakers think about conflict, deterrence, and escalation in the nuclear era. In the Cold War era, the strategists tried to rationalize nuclear confrontation and…
War as an Economic Earthquake The U.S.–Iran war has not only redrawn military maps but also shaken the foundations of global commerce. Unlike conventional conflicts confined to battlefields, this war has spilled into the arteries of trade, choking supply chains, inflating costs, and destabilizing economies far beyond the Middle East. For Pakistan and other import…
New Dynamics, New Opportunities, New Cooperation The degenerative multi-lateral political system witnessed a beacon of hope when a significantly important event happened from 24 to 27 March 2026 in Hainan province of China. It was Boao For Asia (BFA) Conference 2026, which also marked the 25th anniversary of the founding of this non-government and non-profit…
Pakistan’s Structural Opportunity in a Fragmenting Global Trade Order The escalating conflict in the Middle East is not confined to the battlefield; it is increasingly a contest over trade, energy, and the control of global supply lines. It increasingly resembles a modern proxy war, where major powers are influencing the flow of goods and resources….
Pakistan’s Role in the US-Iran-Israel Crisis and South Asian Stability “The pursuit of peace cannot end in a few years in either victory or defeat.” (Dag Hammarskjold) The US- Iran- Israel war is not just a not-too-distant conflict in the Gulf region, but one with intense geopolitical and economic consequences to South Asia. What has…
Awareness and Endurance in the Maritime Domain AbstractThis article articulates a transformative maritime doctrine for the 21st century, contending that the ocean has evolved from a vast emptiness into a fluid chessboard – a transparent, intelligent, and contested battlespace. For a maritime nation like Pakistan, this shift is existential. Drawing on pivotal historical episodes from…
Making the Transition Practical This multi-part series examines Pakistan’s energy vulnerability through complementary strategic lenses. Part II provided a deep dive into grid transmission and the Grid Recovery Mechanism. This third instalment delivers a comprehensive, data-driven blueprint for transport electrification – including a two-year mandatory cutoff for new internal combustion engine (ICE) passenger vehicles, a…
The Ground under our feetThe world as we knew it is no longer holding together. This is neither a prediction nor a warning but a simple observation available to anyone watching the news headlines. The genocide in Gaza, the fires in Ukraine, the missile exchanges and smoldering across the Middle East, the trade wars between…
How Zionism Completes the 1,000-Year Western War on the Holy Land The Modern Map is a Blueprint of the Ancient Crusade The foundational error of modern geopolitical analysis is treating Western colonialism, the Crusades, and the current configuration of Middle Eastern power as separate, closed chapters. They are not. They are sequential expressions of a…
(Pakistan proved its ability to participate in international affairs through mediating the conflict between the United States and Iran. So, after US-Iran conflict will Pakistan make some adjustments about domestic and foreign policies). (The assertion that “Pakistan proved its ability to participate in international affairs through mediating the conflict between the United States and Iran”…
