Recent modernizations in military technology have revolutionized warfare. Science and technology have extended the scope and impact of war fighting concepts. Anti-Access / Area Denial (A2/AD) are always present in intended limited domains but modern warfare and massive changes in missile technologies have evolved them from Defensive doctrines to Offensive ones. Traditionally A2/AD refer to…
The May 2025 brief conflict between Pakistan and India witnessed a significant shift in the character of warfare. This included short but intense air combat and the exchange of longrange missile and drone attacks. Traditional formations including strike corps, were not mobilised by both sides though intense artillery and rocket barrages broke out over the…
Since centuries, sea has remained as a medium of cooperation and conflict. With the advent of modern technologies, the amalgamation of air, sea and land has transformed the warfare. Billy Mitchell’s demonstration of targeting a warship by aircrafts in 1921 may have been an effort to divert resources from building costly capital ships, but it…
During the recent standoff, the Pakistan Navy (PN) proved the quiet strength of preparation. Two decades of steady modernization, submarines, missile boats, and maritime aviation have created an A2/ AD shield that denies any aggressor freedom of ploy. The inability of India’s carrier task force to impose its will was not merely an operational failure;…
Exclusive Interview with Mushahid Hussain Syed Washington and Beijing have convergence of interests in South Asia; India’s thaw with China should be welcomed; Beijing and Washington will soon work for bringing India-Pakistan closer; BRICS and SCO represent Global South in an era of multilateralism; a free Imran Khan can play a better political role Mushahid…
Pakistan Navy’s Strategic Triumph The recent stand-off between India and Pakistan reaffirmed the precariousness of deterrence stability in South Asia. Sparked by Indian aggression following a false flag terrorist incident in Pahalgam, the conflict swiftly escalated into a multi-domain engagement across land, air, and sea. While the crisis was carefully managed to avoid a fullscale…
Victory Over Fascism to Shared Prosperity Short Historical ContextThe Nationalists and Communists in China had a checkered history of confrontation and collaboration under changing environment. The good aspect was that against external aggressors for common interests and objectives, they always joined hands. This brings out an important character of Chinese civilisation. Though Japan’s pre-WW 2…
During the intense conflict with India, planes of Pakistan Air Force with their missiles breaking the war stamina of our adversary were all over the TV screens and social media. Pakistan Army with its Fateh Missiles and actions along Line of control (LoC) was also all over the news. They deserve the gratitude of the…
In the aftermath of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, one word became a popular addition to the vocabulary of almost everyone in the world – leverage! This refers to the use of debt or borrowed funds to amplify returns on an investment. Simply put, leverage makes a sweet deal sweeter! It turned out to be one…
In the chronicles of South Asian security crises, the recent Pakistan-India crisis between April and May 2025 marks a watershed moment. Operation Marka-e-Haq (War of Righteousness) from the Pakistan side was triggered after India’s baseless allegations against Pakistan for the so-called Pahalgam incident. This incident was a chain of miscalculations, misinformation and militarism ended in…
