Legal Questions Surrounding the U.S.–Israel Strikes on Iran When missiles fly, legal arguments follow. The recent U.S.–Israel strikes on Iran have triggered not only geopolitical tensions but also one of the most consequential legal debates of our time: Were these attacks a lawful exercise of collective self-defense, or an unlawful act of aggression? The answer…
Complexity to Facilitation & Broader Mediterranean Stability Historical & Strategic Perspective: Historically, Libya-Turkey relations are deeply rooted around many centuries of common history that goes back to Ottoman Empire stretch in the Mediterranean that ruled Libya from 1551–1912. This long centuries-based rule along with shared culture and values had an everlasting impact in terms of…
Iran USA/Israel War – Impact on the Region Introduction The United States has started a war against Iran at Israel’s behest and cannot clearly articulate its own reasons for why this attack was necessary, and what objective they are pursuing specially when the talks between USA and Iran were heading for logical conclusion under the…
Gen Z Movements Need Reform The contemporary wave of Generation Z– led protests reflects a defining feature of the modern political era: the collapse of geographic distance in the digital age. What media theorist Marshall McLuhan described as the Global Village Theory has materialized in unprecedented ways. Youth movements from Nairobi to Dhaka and Bangkok…
The present confrontation in the Middle East has brought the international system to one of its most delicate moments since the end of the Cold War. The joint military campaign launched by the United States and Israel against Iran in late February 2026 has rapidly expanded into a wider regional crisis, drawing in multiple actors…
The escalating conflict involving Iran, the United States, and Israel represents one of the most significant geopolitical shocks to global energy markets in recent years. Beyond the immediate humanitarian and military consequences, the conflict carries substantial economic costs for both regional and global economies. One of the most visible economic effects has been volatility in…
A Multi-Dimensional Perspective Introduction Pakistan stands at the forefront of the global struggle against terrorism, often facing this daunting unconventional war in isolation. Despite the immense sacrifices made by the people and Pakistan Armed Forces, they remain a primary target for extremist elements. To bring this conflict to a logical conclusion, it is imperative to…
“More than in any other endeavor, things in war often do not unfold as anticipated.”Carl von Clausewitz Historically big powers usually overextend and squander resources in peripheral regions at the cost of ignoring core issues at home. The American war on Iran is the latest example of this pattern. The allure of overwhelming military power…
AbstractModern armed conflicts are increasingly shaped by a complex interaction between geopolitical rivalry, technological competition, and global economic structures. While traditional explanations of war emphasize territorial disputes, ideological confrontation, and national security imperatives, contemporary research highlights the growing influence of corporate actors and transnational economic interests in shaping the dynamics of modern warfare. The concept…
IntroductionIslam is a dynamic faith for all the people of different races and times but we see it as a rigid faith which appears to be inflexible. Actually this is not the case. The history of Islamic thought is defined by a profound and often overlooked transition: the journey from a living, breathing “Movement” in…
