World OrderWorld order in this article is defined as “rules that govern albeit in a messy and ambiguous way — the most important relation-ships of the interstate system in general, and the world’s great powers in particular’.” Concept of Nation States and PolarityNation-states are political organizations responsible for maintaining and sustaining community life. People historically…
Save our Soul (SOS) is a term used world wide when the situation is such that if no corrective action is immediately taken it can bring disaster to a person or an organization which originates such a call. On 12th December, 1971 such a call was received in the Sqn Ops Room of No 7…
With Excerpts from the Governor General of India’s letter, of October 27, 1947, to Maharaja of Kashmir make an interesting read: “Your Highness’s letter dated 26th October has been delivered to me by Mr VP Menon. In the special circumstances mentioned by Your Highness, my Government has decided to accept the accession of Kashmir to…
AbstractIndia is economically one of the fastest growing nations in the world and if this high growth rate can be sustained then it can easily modernize its armed services. The reason why India has been trying to arm itself is because it wants to see itself as a major super power in the world and…
With the launching of the Indian counter-stroke at Lahore-Kasur front on the morning of 6th September 1965, neutralisation of the PAF should have been a logical first step. Inexplicably, the PAF was allowed to operate with impunity, which ultimately led to the petering out of 15 Division’s thrust towards Lahore. The IAF, it seemed, was…
Faced with unexpectedly stiff resistance from Pakistan Army, the Indian offensive launched on 6th September 1965 in the Lahore-Kasur sector had floundered badly. Having failed to capture the vital bridges on BRBi Canal, XI Corps formations were unfavourably poised for further offensive operations towards Lahore. On a similar note, though Pakistan Army’s counter-offensive spearheaded by…
The morning of 7th of December was quite hazy, particularly at lower altitudes where the dust of Punjab plains mingled with the moist, cold air, giving the sky a murky appearance. It was just four days since the 1971 Indo-Pak War had broken out. While the PAF was conserving its air effort in the early…
The much-awaited II Corps offensive on the Western Front got overtaken by events as the 1971 Indo-Pak War headed for a mortifying finale for Pakistan. PAF had been conserving its assets for the all-important battle, which was not to be. Enough pressure was, however, maintained to tie down IAF effort for air defence, as also…
Over the past decade or so, the use of term Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW) has become a culture in the Pakistani military circles and higher institutes of learning. Following some recent discussions at the Pakistan Navy War College and the fact that no senior U.S military officer (to the best of my knowledge) had ever…
