Taj M Khattak

An Effective Seaward Defense

Alfred Mahan and Sir Halford Mackinder were both highly respected geopolitical theorists and contemporaries in the 19th century. While Mahan is better known for his emphasis on maritime power interplay between occidental and oriental global framework, Mackinder is famous for his ‘Heartland Theory’ which stipulated that rule over largest landmass would become the basis for…

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