Complexity to Facilitation & Broader Mediterranean Stability Historical & Strategic Perspective: Historically, Libya-Turkey relations are deeply rooted around many centuries of common history that goes back to Ottoman Empire stretch in the Mediterranean that ruled Libya from 1551–1912. This long centuries-based rule along with shared culture and values had an everlasting impact in terms of…
Regional Challenges 1. Security Threats PKK/YPG terrorism in Syria/Iraq is top concern for Türkiye. The PKK is listed as a terrorist organization by Türkiye, the United States, and the European Union. The conflict between Türkiye and the PKK has been ongoing since 1984 and has resulted in over 40,000 deaths. Ankara asserts that the YPG…
Joint Foreign Policy Challenges The unique location of Central Asian countries and the vast land mass, commonly referred to Turan, ideally dictate it to be a single geographical and Geo-political Union or economic bloc to play a vital role in the regional and global geopolitical environment. This bloc has the power and capability to counter…
Strategic Repercussions of the 2025 Indo-Pak Conflict The astounding success of Operation Bunyan ul Marsoos (OBM) has severely dented the ‘Hindutva’ ideology in general and hurt its proponents in particular. The modern day India and its governance have over-arching influence of not only Hindutva ideology bit also draws inspiration from the centuries old Chanakya ideology….
The economic corridors concept is not new rather it is the upgradation of the historical ancient Silk Road concept that consisted of a vast network of trade routes connecting the global East and West, thus primarily facilitating the exchange of trade goods and culture between China and Europe. As per the historical maps it was…
Brief Summary and Background Pakistan has a long history of wars with India on the Kashmir issue due to its disputed nature, however, the root cause of tension is far beyond this regional issue which reflects India’s expansionist designs. Though diplomatic ties were established in 1947, yet, India did not accept the creation of Pakistan…
The topic of Food Security was not in the limelight for many reasons as it should have been since our main focus was on strategic and foreign policy doctrine during past years and what Pakistan has to do to adjust strategically as well as tactically to curb and maneuver regional and global challenges that were…
This article is being prepared at a time when terror proxies like Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) are trying to intensify their insurgency in Balochistgan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The recent TTP attacks in Bannu and the Jaffar Express passenger train hijacking incidents are core examples of such intensity. The Jaffar Express,…
The national interest definition has been evolving since centuries and was self-derived by societies, rulers, empires, and alliances to serve their best interests. The concept of national interest is very important in terms of international relations because it provides the data and material upon which foreign policy of a nation is defined and evolved. The…
The world political stage has been dramatically changed at a very fast pace from 2020 to 2025. The pandemic affected the global economy, rules of engagement in all spheres of life changed and the political stage shifted from Europe to China and Russia followed by a chaotic withdrawal of NATO forces from Afghanistan and the…
